活態文化研究一中國剪紙非遺實踐的思想理路

活態文化研究一中國剪紙非遺實踐的思想理路
Research on Living Culture--The Ideological Rationale for Chinese Paper-cutting Intangible Cultural Heritage Practice

作者: 喬曉光

关键词: 活態文化;非物質文化遺產;村社調查;中國剪紙;剪花娘子 Living culture; intangible cultural heritage; village community survey; Chinese paper-cutting; Flower Cutting Lady heritage

摘要:新世紀初，為配合國家非遺保護事業的開展，我們提出了“活態文化”的概念(2002年)，並以此為非遺實踐的思想理念與方法，開始了中國剪紙申遺和教育傳承及社會文化遺產服務工作。我們以新建立的非遺中心為平臺，以創建的“青年文化遺產日”(2003年)活動為非遺傳播和凝聚高校大學生的途徑，在非遺新學科、學術基礎理論建設方面，以持續的中國剪紙多民族村社傳統整體性調查為基礎，在田野文化事實研究中尋找學術增長點和自主知識體系構建。從村莊開始，二十年的田野過程調查了中國剪紙的文化形態，完成了絲綢之路東段陝西隴縣至新疆吐魯番地區沿途多民族剪紙傳統調查，進行了絲路古今剪紙的形制比較研究，確認了中國剪紙千年傳承的文化事實。從中國鄉村田野調查開始，也發現了跨文化的世界剪紙藝術的存在。

Abstract:Concerning the national intangible cultural heritage protection policy, the concept of "living culture" was put forward in 2002. Since then, we had taken this ideological idea as the guidance for our intangible cultural heritage practice. With this ideological rationale, we started the application for UNESCO’S Masterpieces of the oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, the work of educational inheritance and social cultural heritage service as well. Taking the newly-established intangible Cultural Heritage Center as a platform, and the "Youth Cultural Heritage Day" (2003) as a way, we are making great effort in the spreading of intangible cultural heritage. By doing so, more and more young college students are attracted. In terms of the construction of the new intangible cultural heritage disciplines and the relative academic theories, continuous holistic surveys of the traditional Chinese paper-cutting of multi-ethnic village communities have been conducted. Based on those above,cultural facts, academic impact and self-reliant knowledge system have been focused. In the countryside, over the past 20 years, field investigation of Chinese paper-cutting, have been completed along the eastern part of the Silk Road from Long county of Shaanxi Province to Turpan region of Xinjiang Province----acomparative study on the shape and form of both ancient and modern paper-cutting. It is confirmed that Chinese paper-cutting has been inherited for thousands of years. The field investigation also proved that paper-cutting art had its influence across the world.

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   喬曉光男(1957-)中央美術學院人文學院教授、博士生導師、山東工藝美術學院“六藝學者”，教育部藝術教育委員會委員、國家教材委員會專委會委員、教育部九年義務教育美術課程修訂專家、中國民間文藝家協會顧問、中國剪紙研究中心主任，中國藝術教育促進會理事、芬蘭《卡萊瓦拉》協會外籍會員。1986年開始持續考察黄河流域、長江流域民族民間藝術，關注民間習俗文化和中國鄉村社區非物質文化傳承現狀。主持多項非物質文化遺產相關社會實踐項目，提出“活態文化”“少年非遗”“民族美育”“即興實踐”等文化與藝術教育實踐理念。主持中國民間剪紙向聯合國教科文組織申報《人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄》項目，主持國家社科基金藝術學重點項目《中國少數民族剪紙藝術傳統調查與研究》等相關項目。代表著作《活態文化一中國非物質文化遺產初探》《本土精神一-非物質文化遺產與民間美術研究文集》《村莊裏的藝術--村社傳統田野手記》等。