自然在人性中的再造:華茲華斯花園美學初探
The Recreation of Nature in Humanity:A Study of Wordsworth’s Garden Aesthetics
作者: 章燕
关键词: 華茲華斯;花園;自然;民主;人性 Wordsworth; garden; nature; democracy; humanity
摘要:18世紀英國園藝得到大發展,花園設計理念主張對自然進行模仿和改進,以使得園藝呈現出理想化的美。華茲華斯作為英國浪漫主義大詩人,其花園藝術觀與當時的自然風景花園美學觀,或如畫花園美學觀有一定契合之處,但又存在本質不同。他的花園觀主張遵從自然之勢,但反對對自然進行所謂理想化的改進,注重花園與自然山野的融合、花園的民主意識及花園與普通人的共情。他的花園美學觀是對18世紀花園觀念的突破,與他的詩歌強調自然對人性的滋養相互呼應,他的花園成為浪漫主義時期花園引領心靈回歸自然本真的典型。
Abstract:In the 18th century, British horticulture developed greatly, and its concepts of garden design laid emphasis on the imitation and improvement of nature to endow gardens with idealistic beauty. As a representative poet of English Romanticism, Wordsworth holds his own views of gardening which have some similarities with the aesthetics of the natural and picturesque garden at that time, but they are different in essence. Wordsworth advocates that gardening should follow the trend of natural spirit, and opposes the so-called idealistic improvement of nature, as his view of gardening focuses on the integration of gardens and the natural spirit, the democratic consciousness of gardening and the empathy between gardens and ordinary people. With his poetic ideas which emphasizes the humanity cultivated by nature, Wordsworth’s aesthetics of garden breaks through the concepts of garden in the18th century, and becomes the quintessence of the Romantic Garden leading humanity to nature in the Romantic period.

章燕女(1962-)北京師範大學外國語言文學學院教授,英國諾丁漢大學、劍橋大學訪問學者。長期從事英美文學、尤其是英語詩歌方面的教學和研究。先後承擔國家社科基金项目、教育部项目等5项。研究方向及近年來的科研成果主要在英國浪漫主義詩歌、莎士比亞、跨藝術詩學等方面。出版專著有《多元·融合·跨越一英國現當代詩歌及其研究》《歷史·现實·想像一英國文學論集》《詞語博物館:歐美跨藝術詩學研究》(合著),譯著有《我知道他存在一狄金森詩歌選》(合譯)《莎士比亞詩歌全編·長篇敘事詩》(合譯)等,在國內各學術報刊雜誌上發表文章70餘篇,主編、參編、參與翻譯各種詩歌作品、理論著作等10餘部。學術兼職包括中國外國文學學會英語文學研究分會常務理事、中國外國文學學會英國文學研究分會常務理事、中國英漢語比較研究會詩歌研究專業委員會常務理事。