相遇中的對話詩學——《執念》非遺書寫的範式革新與倫理重構

相遇中的對話詩學

——《執念》非遺書寫的範式革新與倫理重構

劉 彪

摘 要：當前非物質文化遺產書寫與研究常陷於“我—它”關係的範式困境，將傳承人客體化為被觀察、被言說的“他者”。張曉琴的非虛構作品《執念》基於深入的甘肅田野調查，通過踐行“我—你”的關係倫理，開創了非遺書寫的新範式。在田野倫理上，作者從疏離的“觀察者”轉向真誠的“對話者”與”“共情者”，建立起主體間性的“我—你”關係；其次，在書寫視角上，從對“非遺”藝術本體的聚焦轉向對傳承人生命歷程的立體見證，還原了其作為完整“人”的本來面目；最終，在文本形態上，通過構建作者、傳承人、非遺藝術三個平等獨立的“聲部”，形成了“複調”式的對話詩學，將田野中的倫理關係成功轉化為文本結構。該作品不僅為非遺保護提供了以“人”為本的新路徑，更以其成功的示範，為超越人文社科研究中的“我—它”模式提供了深具啟示意義的倫理方案與方法論借鑒。

關鍵字：《執念》 非遺書寫 相遇哲學 複調

Dialogical Poetics in Encounter ——Paradigmatic Innovation and Ethical Reconstruction in the Intangible

Cultural Heritage Writing of Zhinian

LIU Biao

Abstract: Current writing and research on intangible cultural heritage often fall into the paradigm trap of the “I-It” relationship, objectifying inheritors into an observed and spoken-for “Others”. Zhang Xiaoqin’s non-fiction work Zhinian, based on in-depth fieldwork in Gansu, pioneers a new paradigm for intangible cultural heritage writing by practicing the relational ethics of “I-Thou”. In terms of field ethics, the author shifts from a detached “observer” to a sincere “dialogist” and “empathizer”, establishing an intersubjective “I-Thou” relationship. Furthermore, regarding the narrative perspective, the focus moves from the artistic ontology of the “intangible cultural heritage” itself to a multidimensional witness of the inheritors’ life courses, restoring their original identity as complete “human beings”. Ultimately, in terms of textual form, by constructing three equal and independent “voices” — — those of the author, the inheritors, and the intangible cultural heritage art — — a “polyphonic” poetics of dialogue is formed, successfully translating the ethical relationship forged in the field into the textual structure. This work not only provides a new people-oriented path for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage but also, through its successful demonstration, offers an enlightening ethical solution and methodological reference for transcending the “I-It” model in humanities and social sciences research. 

Key words: Zhinian; Intangible Cultural Heritage Writing; Meeting Philosophy; Polyphony

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