黃河文明的過去、現在與未來

黃河文明的過去、現在與未來

徐兆壽

摘 要：中國傳統文化當中的陰陽五行是解讀天地運行的最佳符碼。經筆者長期以來對伏羲八卦和九宮思想的研究發現，中華文明從上古時期開始，大致可以梳理為幾個階段：早期昆侖文明的天下觀是以伏羲畫卦為主，根據冰川時代的特徵彩陶、岩畫和天文考古等為佐證以及史書記載推斷，大禹治水的準確時間應該在 4300 年前左右，再通過《易經》《河圖》《洛書》和《山海經》對青藏高原為主的天下進行考古，發現祁連山正好就是伏羲畫卦時的乾卦，昆侖山（阿爾金山）為坤卦，由此確定了昆侖與河源的位置；到以黃帝開始一直到大禹治水時代的華夏文明時期天人合一思想日趨完善，逐步影響到社會的曆法、文字、禮儀、制度、醫學等方面的發展；直至後來的夏中期開始，歷商周秦，到漢朝最終確立的中原文明時期，天下的中心不斷東移，從黃土高原遷至以洛陽為中心的中原地，先有周文王推演八卦為六十四卦，確立新的天下觀，後有周公、孔子和司馬遷對易學的進一步建設和鞏固形成儒學並成為官學，再有北宋五子研讀易學、朱熹重新闡釋儒學經典創建理學使黃河文明持續千年。黃河文明發展到現在以及未來所要面臨的問題就是文明標準的確立問題，這需要大眾從長久以來固守的中原文明中心說和歐洲文明中心說中跳脫出來，再度將目光鎖定在中國廣闊的西部，通過《山海經》當中的地理方位，結合史書記載、《河圖》《洛書》與《易經》八卦思想，開闢中國文化考古的新路徑，用中國人自古承襲至今的科學世界觀和方法論，建立起中華兒女真正的文化自信，以此來重新定位中國傳統文化，當是具有中國氣派的中國學派開闢傳統文化復興之路的必要方法。

關鍵字：黃河文明 昆侖文明 華夏文明 中原文明 科學世界觀

The Past, Present, and Future of Yellow the River Civilization

XU Zhaoshou

Abstract: The Yin-Yang and Five Elements in traditional Chinese culture are the best code for interpreting the operation of the universe. Through the author’s long-term research on the Fuxi Bagua and the Nine Palaces, it can be roughly sorted out that the Chinese civilization from the ancient times can be divided into several stages. Firstly, the view of the world early of Kunlun civilization was mainly based on Fuxi’s drawing of the Bagua. The characteristic pottery, rock paintings and astronomical archaeology of the ice age, as well as historical records, suggest that the exact time of Yu the Great’s flood control happened about 4,300 years ago. Secondly, through the archaeological research on the world centered on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau with description of the I Ching, the River Chart, the Luo Shu and the Shan Hai Jing, it is found that the Qilian Mountains were exactly the Qian Gua when Fuxi drew the Bagua, and the Kunlun Mountains (Altun Mountains) were the Kun Gua, thus determining the positions of Kunlun and the source of the Yellow River. From the time of the Yellow Emperor to the era of Yu the Great’s flood control, the thought of the unity of heaven and man in the Huaxia civilization was increasingly perfected and gradually influenced the development of society in terms of calendar, writing, etiquette, system and medicine. Until the middle of the Xia Dynasty, through the Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, the Central Plains civilization period was finally established. The center of the world continued to shift eastward, from the Loess Plateau to the Central Plains centered on Luoyang. Thirdly, King Wen of Zhou developed the Bagua into the Sixty-Four Gua and established a new view of the world. Then, Duke of Zhou, Confucius and Sima Qian further developed and consolidated the study of I Ching to form Confucianism and make it the official doctrine. Later, the Five Masters of the Northern Song Dynasty studied the I Ching, and Zhu Xi reinterpreted the Confucian classics to create Neo-Confucianism, making the Yellow River civilization last for a thousand years. The problem that the Yellow River civilization has to face now and in the future lies in the establishment of a cultural standard. This requires the public to break away from the long-held views of the Central Plains civilization and the European-centered civilization, and once again focus on the vast western regions of China. By combining the geographical directions in Shan Hai Jing with historical records, the River Chart, the Luo Shu and the I Ching Bagua thought, a new path for Chinese cultural archaeology can be opened up. With the scientific worldview and methodology inherited by the Chinese people since ancient times, a true cultural confidence of the descendants of Yan and Huang can be established, which is a necessary method for the Chinese school with Chinese characteristics to open up a new path for the revival of traditional culture. 

Key words: Yellow River civilization; Kunlun civilization; Chinese civilization; Central Plains civilization; scientific world outlook

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